U-BOOT下使用bootm引导内核方法 |
U-BOOT下使用bootm引导内核方法 |
2007-09-11 16:39:48, Tue
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猫猫猫 Group: Power Cat Posts: 626 Joined: 2006-12-8 Member No.: 2 |
代码 U-BOOT下使用bootm引导内核方法
注: u-boot 使用的是打上: http://www.hhcn.com/cgi-bin/topic.cgi?forum=3&topic=651&show=0 上keety大侠提供的补丁生成的u-boot-1.1.3 这段时间不断有人问我u-boot启动内核的问题,记得在上次提供的u-boot源码中提到了go的方案,不过其实u-boot本来有一种更好的方案: bootm 花了不少时间,查看了论坛上不少的帖子,认真阅读了bootm的源码,终于使用bootm把内核给跑起来了, 现把解决方法介绍如下: 一、在开始之前先说明一下bootm相关的东西。 1、首先说明一下,S3C2410架构下的bootm只对sdram中的内核镜像文件进行操作(好像AT91架构提供了一段从flash复制内核镜像的代码,不过针对s3c2410架构就没有这段代码,虽然可以在u-boot下添加这段代码,不过好像这个用处不大),所以请确保你的内核镜像下载到sdram 中,或者在bootcmd下把flash中的内核镜像复制到sdram中。 2、-a参数后是内核的运行地址,-e参数后是入口地址。 3、 1)如果我们没用mkimage对内核进行处理的话,那直接把内核下载到0x30008000再运行就行,内核会自解压运行(不过内核运行需要一个tag来传递参数,而这个tag建议是由bootloader提供的,在u-boot下默认是由bootm命令建立的)。 2)如果使用mkimage生成内核镜像文件的话,会在内核的前头加上了64byte的信息,供建立tag之用。bootm命令会首先判断bootm xxxx 这个指定的地址xxxx是否与-a指定的加载地址相同。 (1)如果不同的话会从这个地址开始提取出这个64byte的头部,对其进行分析,然后把去掉头部的内核复制到-a指定的load地址中去运行之 (2)如果相同的话那就让其原封不同的放在那,但-e指定的入口地址会推后64byte,以跳过这64byte的头部。 二、好,接着介绍使用mkimage生成镜像文件并下载运行的方法。 方法一、 1、首先,用u-boot/tools/mkimage这个工具为你的内核加上u-boot引导所需要的文件头,具体做法如下: [root@localhost tftpboot]#mkimage -n 'linux-2.6.14' -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x30008000 -e 0x30008000 -d zImage zImage.img Image Name: linux-2.6.14 Created: Fri Jan 12 17:14:50 2007 Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed) Data Size: 1262504 Bytes = 1232.91 kB = 1.20 MB Load Address: 0x30008000 Entry Point: 0x30008000 这里解释一下参数的意义: -A ==> set architecture to 'arch' -O ==> set operating system to 'os' -T ==> set image type to 'type' -C ==> set compression type 'comp' -a ==> set load address to 'addr' (hex) -e ==> set entry point to 'ep' (hex) -n ==> set image name to 'name' -d ==> use image data from 'datafile' -x ==> set XIP (execute in place) 2 、下载内核 U-Boot 1.1.3 (Jan 12 2007 - 16:16:36) U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9BAC0 BSS: -> 33F9FBAC RAM Configuration: Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB Nor Flash: 512 kB Nand Flash: 64 MB In: serial Out: serial Err: serial Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 sbc2410=>tftp 0x31000000 zImage.img TFTP from server 192.168.1.115; our IP address is 192.168.1.128 Filename 'zImage.img'. Load address: 0x31000000 Loading: ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# #################################################### done Bytes transferred = 1263324 (1346dc hex) 3.运行 sbc2410=>bootm 0x31000000 ## Booting image at 31000000 ... Image Name: linun-2.6.14 Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed) Data Size: 1263260 Bytes = 1.2 MB Load Address: 30008000 Entry Point: 30008000 Verifying Checksum ... OK OK Starting kernel ... Uncompressing Linux.............................................................Linux version 2.6.14 (root@luofuchong) (gcc version 3.4.1) #21 Fri Oct 20 17:206CPU: ARM920Tid(wb) [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T) Machine: SMDK2410 Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback CPU S3C2410A (id 0x32410002) S3C2410: core 202.800 MHz, memory 101.400 MHz, peripheral 50.700 MHz S3C2410 Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on USB Control, (c) 2006 sbc2410 CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets Built 1 zonelists Kernel command line: console=ttySAC0 root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.1.115:/frien"irq: clearing subpending status 00000002 PID hash table entries: 512 (order: 9, 8192 bytes) timer tcon=00500000, tcnt a509, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 00001e4c Console: colour dummy device 80x30 Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes) Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) Memory: 64MB = 64MB total Memory: 62208KB available (1924K code, 529K data, 108K init) Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok softlockup thread 0 started up. NET: Registered protocol family 16 S3C2410: Initialising architecture SCSI subsystem initialized usbcore: registered new driver usbfs usbcore: registered new driver hub S3C2410 DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004 Simtec Electronics DMA channel 0 at c4800000, irq 33 DMA channel 1 at c4800040, irq 34 DMA channel 2 at c4800080, irq 35 DMA channel 3 at c48000c0, irq 36 NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision) devfs: 2004-01-31 Richard Gooch (rgooch@atnf.csiro.au) devfs: devfs_debug: 0x0 devfs: boot_options: 0x1 yaffs Oct 18 2006 12:39:51 Installing. Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 30x40 fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer device fb1: Virtual frame buffer device, using 1024K of video memory led driver initialized s3c2410 buttons successfully loaded s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2410 s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2410 s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2410 io scheduler noop registered io scheduler anticipatory registered io scheduler deadline registered io scheduler cfq registered RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize usbcore: registered new driver ub Cirrus Logic CS8900A driver for Linux (Modified for SMDK2410) eth0: CS8900A rev E at 0xe0000300 irq=53, no eeprom , addr: 08: 0:3E:26:0A:5B S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics s3c2410-nand: mapped registers at c4980000 s3c2410-nand: timing: Tacls 10ns, Twrph0 30ns, Twrph1 10ns NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bi)Scanning device for bad blocks Bad eraseblock 1884 at 0x01d70000 Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit": 0x00000000-0x00020000 : "vivi" 0x00020000-0x00030000 : "param" 0x00030000-0x00200000 : "kernel" 0x00200000-0x04000000 : "root" usbmon: debugfs is not available s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1 s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000 hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected Initializing USB Mass Storage driver... usbcore: registered new driver usb-storage USB Mass Storage support registered. usbcore: registered new driver usbmouse drivers/usb/input/usbmouse.c: v1.6:USB HID Boot Protocol mouse driver mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice s3c2410 TouchScreen successfully loaded UDA1341 audio driver initialized NET: Registered protocol family 2 IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096) TCP reno registered TCP bic registered NET: Registered protocol family 1 IP-Config: Complete: device=eth0, addr=192.168.1.128, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=192.168.1.1, host=luofuchong, domain=, nis-domain=(none), bootserver=192.168.1.1, rootserver=192.168.1.115, rootpath= Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 192.168.1.115 Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 192.168.1.115 VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem). Mounted devfs on /dev Freeing init memory: 108K init started: BusyBox v1.1.3 (2006.09.20-14:52+0000) multi-call binary Starting pid 696, console /dev/tts/0: '/etc/init.d/rcS' Please press Enter to activate this console. 方法二、 1、首先,用u-boot/tools/mkimage这个工具为你的内核加上u-boot引导所需要的文件头,具体做法如下: [root@localhost tftpboot]#mkimage -n 'linux-2.6.14' -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x30008000 -e 0x30008040 -d zImage zImage.img Image Name: linux-2.6.14 Created: Fri Jan 12 17:14:50 2007 Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed) Data Size: 1262504 Bytes = 1232.91 kB = 1.20 MB Load Address: 0x30008000 Entry Point: 0x30008040 2 、下载内核 U-Boot 1.1.3 (Jan 12 2007 - 16:16:36) U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9BAC0 BSS: -> 33F9FBAC RAM Configuration: Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB Nor Flash: 512 kB Nand Flash: 64 MB In: serial Out: serial Err: serial Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 sbc2410=>tftp 0x30008000 zImage.img TFTP from server 192.168.1.115; our IP address is 192.168.1.128 Filename 'zImage.img'. Load address: 0x30008000 Loading: ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# #################################################### done Bytes transferred = 1263324 (1346dc hex) 3.运行 sbc2410=>bootm 0x30008000 ## Booting image at 30008000 ... Image Name: linux-2.6.14 Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed) Data Size: 1261056 Bytes = 1.2 MB Load Address: 30008000 Entry Point: 30008040 Verifying Checksum ... OK XIP Kernel Image ... OK 内核启动信息省。。。。 三、固化 如果你想把镜像文件写入flash,每次开机后让u-boot帮你复制到sdram中,再使用bootm命令引导的话,可以按照这样操作: sbc2410=>tftp 0x30008000 zImage.img TFTP from server 192.168.1.115; our IP address is 192.168.1.128 Filename 'zImage.img'. Load address: 0x30008000 Loading: ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# #################################################### done Bytes transferred = 1263324 (1346dc hex) sbc2410=>nand erase 0x30000 0x1d0000 NAND erase: device 0 offset 196608, size 1900544 ... OK sbc2410=>nand write 0x30008000 0x30000 0x1d0000 NAND write: device 0 offset 196608, size 1900544 ... 1900544 bytes written: OK 设置u-boot启动命令: 1、针对方法一: sbc2410=>setenv bootcmd nand read 0x31000000 0x30000 0x1d0000\;bootm 0x31000000 sbc2410=>saveenv Saving Environment to NAND... Erasing Nand...Writing to Nand... done 2、针对方法二: sbc2410=>setenv bootcmd nand read 0x30008000 0x30000 0x1d0000\;bootm 0x30008000 sbc2410=>saveenv Saving Environment to NAND... Erasing Nand...Writing to Nand... done sbc2410=>reset 启动信息略。。。。 |
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